PHRASAL VERBS

ACTIVITY

What is a phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb; the combination creates a
meaning different from the original verb alone.

Example :
To get  =  to obtain	I need to get a new battery for my camera.
To get together  =  to meet	Why don’t we all get together for lunch one day?

Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called “multi-part” or "multi-word” verbs.
The preposition or adverb that follows the verb is sometimes called a particle.

Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language.
However, they are mainly used in spoken English and informal texts. They should be
avoided in academic writing where it is preferable to use a formal verb such as “to postpone”
rather than “to put off”.

Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs :

Some phrasal verbs are transitive.  (A transitive verb always has an object.)
Example : I made up an excuse. ('Excuse' is the object of the verb.)

Some phrasal verbs are intransitive . (An intransitive verb does not have an object.)
Example : My car broke down.

Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs :

Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable. (The object is between the verb and the preposition.)
Example : I looked the word up in the dictionary.

Some transitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. (The object is placed after the preposition.)
Example : I will look into the matter as soon as possible.

Some transitive phrasal verbs can take an object in both places.
Example : I picked up the book.
   I picked the book up.

However, if the object is a pronoun, it must be placed between the verb and the preposition.
Example : I picked it up.

ACTIVITY REPORTED SPEECH 10º

ACTIVITY

Select the correct option

1.     1.   “Where do you live?"

a. Miho asked me where do I live.

 b. Miho asked me where I lived.

c. Miho asked me where did I live.

 2.  "What is the time?"

  a. Can you tell me what is the time?

 b. Can you tell me what the time is?

3. "Why did he say that?"

a. I would like to know why he said that.

b. I would like to know why did he say that.

4. "Do we have a test tomorrow?"

a. I’ve forgotten do we have a test tomorrow?

b. I’ve forgotten if we have a test tomorrow.

c. I’ve forgotten have we a test tomorrow?

5. "Don’t talk!"

a. The teacher told us not to talk.

b. The teacher told us to not talk.

6. "Have you finished with the computer?"

a. She asked if had I finished with the computer.

b. She asked if I had finished with the computer.

7. "I’ll give you your money back tomorrow."

a. She promised me to give the money back the next day.

b. She promised to give me back the money the next day.

8. "Can I use your phone?"

a. I asked her could I use her phone.

b. I asked her if I could use her phone.

9. "When are you going back to Japan?"

a. He asked when I was going back to Japan.

b. He asked when was I going back to Japan.

10. "Why did you have to wait so long?"

a. She wanted to know why we had to wait so long.

b. She wanted to know why did we have to wait so long.

11. "Be quiet!"

a. I told her be quiet.

b. I told her to be quiet.

12. "Do you play chess?"

a. He asked me do I play chess.

b. He asked me if I did play chess.

c. He asked me did I play chess.

d. He asked me if I played chess.

13. "Where are my keys?"

a. He wanted to know where were his keys.

b. He wanted to know where his keys were.

14. "Why don’t you start again?"

a. He suggested me to start again.

b. He suggested that I started again.

c. He suggested why didn’t I start again.

15. "I’ll drive you to the airport."

a. She offered that she would drive us to the airport.

b. She offered to drive us to the airport.

16. "Can you help me, please?"

a. John wanted me to help him.

b. John wanted that I helped him.

c. John wanted that I help him.

17. "What’s she doing?"

a. I wondered what was she doing.

b. I wondered what she was doing.

18. Do not tell her what I said.

a. He begged me to not tell her what he had said.

b. He begged that I didn’t tell her what he had said.

c. He begged me not to tell her what he had said.

19. "Never use my computer without my permission!"

a. He shouted that I should never use his computer without his permission.

b. He shouted to never use his computer without his permission.

20. "How did you get on in this quiz?"

a. How did I get on in this quiz is my business, not yours!

b. How I got on in this quiz is my business, not yours!

ACTIVITY ABOUT REPORTED SPEECH FOR 10º

ACTIVITY

A. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

1. John said, "I love this town."

John said 

2. "Do you like soccer ?" He asked me.

He asked me 

3. "I can't drive a lorry," he said.

He said 

4. "You are nice withyour brother," he said.

He asked me 

5. "I have a bike," he said.

He urged me 

6. "I don't waste your money" she said.

She told the boys 

7. "What have you decided to do?" she asked him.

She asked him 

8. "I always wake up early," he said.

He said 

9. "You should revise your lessons," he said.

He advised the students 

10. "Where have you been?" he asked me.

He wanted to know

11. Mum said: " I'm angry with you"

Mum said she

12. Geoffrey said: I'm cooking lunch today

 Geoffrey said

13. My boyfriend said: I'll go to the cinema tomorrow

 My boyfriend said

14. Her teacher said: " You must do your homework every day"

Her teacher said

15. Their father said: " I can speak three languages"

 Their father said

B. Write the sentences using reported speech

1. Tim: "She works in an office."

Tim said that she.

2 Jessica: "I am going to clean the room."

Jessica told me that she

3 Jeff: "They like the song."

Jeff said that they.

4 Ian and Marvin: "We need new shoes."

Ian and Marvin remarked that they  

5 Kathy: "He can speak Spanish."

Kathy told us that he

6 Teacher: "Rachel has never been to Philadelphia."

The teacher said that Rachel  

7 Lucy: "The train didn't arrive on time."

Lucy said to Gerry that the train

8 Emma: "I'm sitting on the chair."

Emma said that she.

9 Nick: "Walter doesn't eat meat."

Nick told us that Walter.

10 Holly: "Abby and Nathan will travel to Alaska."

Holly remarked that Abby and Nathan

READING COMPREHENSION FOR 10º

ACTIVITY

Read the texts and answer the questions about them.

Indian drummers

Shillong 1) __________ north east India 2) __________ the world record yesterday for the largest number of people 3) __________ the drums together. People travelled 4) __________ long way, many 5) __________ foot, from villages in the state in order 6) __________ in.

A total of 7,951 people played the drums at 7) __________ same time, over seven hundred more than the old record.

The state now 8) __________ two world records - it is the wettest place in the world as well.

Questions

1. a. in             b. on                c. at

2. a. breaks     b. broke          c. broken

3. a. play         b. plays           c. playing

4. a. a              b. an                c. the

5. a. by            b.on                 c. in

6. a. join          b. to join          c. joining

7. a. the           b. a                  c. as

8. a. hold         b. holds           c. holding

John Snow

John Snow 1) __________ born in 1813 in York, England and was the eldest of nine children. When he2) __________ fourteen, he started working for a surgeon and went on to study medicine.

In 1855, a lot of people started dying in an area of London of the illness cholera and John Snow went there to study what was 3) __________. He discovered that the people who had died were drinking 4) __________ same water.

Before this study, no one 5) __________ how people got the illness. The results of his study 6) __________ important because they 7) __________ how the illness spread and also 8) __________ to start the science of public health.

Questions

1. a. is                         b. was                         c. had

2. a. has                      b. had                          c. was

3. a. happen                b. happened                c. happening

4. a. a                          b. as                            c. the

5. a. knew                   b. was knowing           c. knowing

6. a. is                         b. was                         c. were

7. a. explaining           b. explained                c. to explain

8. a. help                     b. helping                    c. helped

WH-EVER WORDS FOR 10°

Whoever - Whatever - Whenever

English Grammar Rules

We can think about the W-ever words semantically as the 'W' word + the quantifier 'any'. The trick to understanding these terms is to realise that they apply to any single one of the referents, and at the same time refer to all of the referents.

• Whatever - Any thing (This could also be every thing) Whatever = Lo que sea , el que sea , cualquier . "refiriendose a una cosa o animal".
• Whenever - Any time (This could also be 'every time') Whenever/ wenever / = cuando sea , cuando quiera
• Wherever - Any 'where' (Anywhere or everywhere). Wherever - donde sea , donde quiera
• Whoever - Anyone (Any person or every person, or sometimes used to refer to a person unknown to the speaker) Whoever = Quien sea , Quien quiera " refiriendose a una persona "
• Whichever - Any 'which' (Choice between a group or set). Whichever = cualquier, cualquiera que, cual sea "refiriendose a una cosa o animal".
• However - Any 'way' (In any manner or way, regardless of how).

Basically each one means:

"It does not matter what / when / where etc." OR

"An unknown thing / time / place etc."

Examples

Whatever you do, pay attention to the road when you are driving.
(You can do anything as long as you pay attention to the road)

Whenever she calls, the landlord is busy.
(Every time she calls the landlord, he/she is busy)

Call me whenever you need something.
(Call me any time you need something)

Wherever you go in the world, remember where you came from and where you are going.
(Anywhere you go in the world, remember those things)

With a good education in English, wherever you go, you will have a good time.
(If you are taught well, you will have a good time anywhere)

Whoever broke the vase, can you please replace it?
(Any specific person who broke the vase, please replace it)

Whoever goes to the shop, please don't steal anything.
(Any one or more of the people who will go to the shop, don't steal anything)

You can drive whichever of the cars you want.
(You can choose to drive any of the cars)

You can drive whichever of the cars you want.
(You can choose to drive any of the cars)

You can dress however you like for the party, it's not formal.
(You can dress the way that you want for the party)

 

ACTIVITY ABOUT WH-EVER WORDS FOR 10º

ACTIVITY

Complete with WHEREVER, WHOEVER, WHATEVER, HOWEVER, WHENEVER

1. What would you like for lunch? You can have ______ you want.   

                   

2. Please answer the phone for me. I don't want to speak to ______ it is.  

                     

3. That's not true. ______ told you that was wrong.  

                    

4. I loved my visit to Japan. The people were nice ______ we went.  

                  

5. It's my company. I'll employ ______ I like.   

                  

6. She never puts on weight, ______ much she eats.   

                  

7. Leave me alone, ______ you are.     

       

8. ______ problems you have, ask Harry here to help you. He knows everything.     

                 

9. Come round and see me ______ you like    

                   

10. I don't want to go. Give my ticket to ______ wants it.   

          

11. ______ you decide, you'll still have doubts about it. 

               

12. She's the boss and you have to do ______ she says. 

               

13. Keep cool and calm, ______ stupid things he says.    

              

14. I'm going to buy myself a Rolls Royce, ______ long it takes me!       

             

15. ______ you choose for the job, somebody is going to be disappointed.  

                   

16. I'll always love you, ______ happens.           

    

17. ______ the boss pays us a visit, everyone is very nervous and on their best behaviour.    

               

18. ______ you go in England, you'll find lots of pubs.  

                 

19. ______ it is, tell them I'm in a meeting.     

                  

20. I don't care. We can hold the meeting ______ you want.   

Practice: 

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=9513

       

READING COMPREHENSION FOR 10°

READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs, germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can be also good for your heart.

It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood. Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart over time.

Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. A coincidence is the occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere chance. The incidence of these events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Likewise, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.

The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is sure to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.

Questions

1) Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. Why Doctors Disagree about Flossing

B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy

C. Flossing Your Way to a Healthy Heart

D. Flossing by Coincidence

2) Flossing effectively helps to keep your mouth healthy by preventing

A. germs from producing acid

B. food from entering your body

C. germs from entering into your blood

D. acid from contacting your teeth and gums

3) In paragraph 2, the author introduces ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. Exactly how many of these ideas does the author put forth in this paragraph?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

4) Based on information in paragraph 2, it can be understood that germs in the mouth may harm your heart by

I. getting into the blood that flows to the heart

II. forcing the body to fight against too many of them

III. causing food to get stuck in the arteries

A. l only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

5) In paragraph 2, the author explains how having too many germs in your mouth can "end up weakening the heart." Using the passage as a guide, it can be understood that with respect to the actual way in which this occurs, doctors are

A. reluctant to hypothesize

B. confident in their estimations

C. extremely knowledgeable

D. uncertain but speculative

6) In paragraph 3 the author writes, "Not every doctor agrees about these ideas." The author's purpose in writing this sentence is to

A. provide an example

B. introduce a new topic

C. change a previous statement

D. clarify an earlier assertion

7) Using information in paragraph 3 as a guide, which of the following is the best example of a coincidence?

A. Jim wakes up with a sore throat. He eats a piece of bacon for breakfast. By noon, he feels much better. Jim decides that the bacon has cured his sore throat.

B. Laura remembers to brush her teeth every day, but she only remembers to floss once a week. She writes a note to herself, reminding herself to floss and sticks it to her bathroom mirror.

C. Mario is not very good at baseball. He practices playing every day. After a several months of practice, he is a much better baseball player.

D. Jai has a bad heart. Her doctor tells her to eat more vegetables and less junk food. After nearly a year of doing this, the doctor tells Jai that her heart is doing much better.

8) Based on its use in the final paragraph, it can be inferred that theory belongs to which of the following word groups?

A. query, question, interrogation

B. assertion, declaration, affirmation

C. hypothesis, supposition, belief

D. idea, thought, notion

9) Which of the following best states the main idea of the final paragraph?

A. Because doctors do not agree that flossing will help your heart, it is useless to floss.

B. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.

C. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.

D. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart, but it is still a good idea to do it every day.

ACTIVITY

Select the best option

1. Paul lives ... in Canada.

Somewhere       anywhere       nowhere

2. I didn't feel good at the concert, because there was ... I knew.

Anybody      no one        someone

3. ... wanted to talk to you when you were in the supermarkt. He left his number.

Nobody          Anybody         Somebody

4. The holidays were great. We could do ... we wanted.

Something        nothing          anything

5. It's up to her so ... should tell her what to do.

somebody    nobody       anybody

6. There is ... to go in winter in this city.

Nowhere        nothing          anywhere

7. Don't worry, ... will be ok.

Anything       something         everything

8. ... was surprised when he confessed his love. We didn't expect it.

Someone         Nobody         Everyone

9. He's not a liar. I'm sure ... he said was true.

Something      everything         anything

10. Is ... going to the theatre with me?

Anybody       somebody          nobody

11. I can't see Kate ... Do you know where she is?

Anywhere        nowhere          somewhere

12. We had known all the facts ha said. We found out ... new.

Anything        something       nothing

13. Before you marry her, I must tell you ... about her parents.

Anything       nothing      something

14. Don't trust ...

no one      anyone           someone

15. Would you like me to do ... for you?

Something        anything         nothing