Read the text and answer the questions about it.
The Most Amazing Structure on Earth
There are people who
say the most amazing structure on earth is the human brain. It is so complex
that it took about 700 million years to develop. Humans started out as wormlike
creatures that used one end of the body to move forward. Ever so slowly, a
bunch of nerves began developing at that one end — the head. These nerves
helped the creature to sense light, food and danger. Eventually, this bunch of
nerves became the creature’s brain. To carry messages from the brain to other
parts of the body, the creature grew a spinal cord. Later, the creature became
a fish with eyes, ears and a nose that could send the brain information about
sights, sounds and smells.
More time passed, and the fish grew arms and legs so it could move about on land. For this, it needed a larger and more complex brain. It became an ape-like creature, and the parts of the brain used for seeing images and being social grew much stronger. Finally, the ape-like creature became human, with a brain that was capable of reason, emotion, creativity, memory and the ability to judge right from wrong.
The human brain is very mysterious. Many questions about the brain have not yet been answered. For example, why do we need to sleep or why do we dream? There is a lot about the brain that we do not yet understand. Believe it or not, people used to think of the brain as useless stuffing. Of course, we now know the brain is our control centre. The surface of the brain is called the cerebral cortex. It is the part of the brain that makes us intelligent, and it consists of four parts called lobes. The front lobe is where much of our thinking and feeling happens. The top lobe processes information which is coming from parts of our bodies, such as our skin and muscles. The side lobe plays an important role in hearing, speech and long-term memories while the back lobe processes images from our eyes.
Which do you think is more powerful: your brain or a supercomputer? You might be surprised to learn that the world’s best supercomputer is only about as powerful as half a mouse brain! Your brain is packed with 100 billion brain cells called neurons. They send information to your body telling it what to do, and they receive information from each of your senses, what you see, feel, taste, hear and touch. All of this information travels to and from parts of your body along your spinal cord, which is like a highway found down the centre of your back. As the information travels from neuron to neuron, pathways are created. When you think about or practice something again and again, those pathways get stronger. That’s how the brain learns and remembers. Actually, you were born with most of the neurons you have now, but when you were a baby, you didn’t have many pathways to connect them. As an adult, you now have more than 125 trillion connections between your neurons. No computer on earth can compete with the speed of your brain and how much information it can hold.
More time passed, and the fish grew arms and legs so it could move about on land. For this, it needed a larger and more complex brain. It became an ape-like creature, and the parts of the brain used for seeing images and being social grew much stronger. Finally, the ape-like creature became human, with a brain that was capable of reason, emotion, creativity, memory and the ability to judge right from wrong.
The human brain is very mysterious. Many questions about the brain have not yet been answered. For example, why do we need to sleep or why do we dream? There is a lot about the brain that we do not yet understand. Believe it or not, people used to think of the brain as useless stuffing. Of course, we now know the brain is our control centre. The surface of the brain is called the cerebral cortex. It is the part of the brain that makes us intelligent, and it consists of four parts called lobes. The front lobe is where much of our thinking and feeling happens. The top lobe processes information which is coming from parts of our bodies, such as our skin and muscles. The side lobe plays an important role in hearing, speech and long-term memories while the back lobe processes images from our eyes.
Which do you think is more powerful: your brain or a supercomputer? You might be surprised to learn that the world’s best supercomputer is only about as powerful as half a mouse brain! Your brain is packed with 100 billion brain cells called neurons. They send information to your body telling it what to do, and they receive information from each of your senses, what you see, feel, taste, hear and touch. All of this information travels to and from parts of your body along your spinal cord, which is like a highway found down the centre of your back. As the information travels from neuron to neuron, pathways are created. When you think about or practice something again and again, those pathways get stronger. That’s how the brain learns and remembers. Actually, you were born with most of the neurons you have now, but when you were a baby, you didn’t have many pathways to connect them. As an adult, you now have more than 125 trillion connections between your neurons. No computer on earth can compete with the speed of your brain and how much information it can hold.
Questions.
1. The cerebral cortex consists of ________________ .
a. useless stuffing
b. four parts
called neurons
c. four parts
called lobes
2. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
a. People are born
with most of the neurons they have when they become adults.
b. The brain has
100 million cells called neurons.
c. The brain's
neurons send and receive information throughout the body faster than any
computer.
3. People who injure the side lobe of the cerebral cortex
________________ .
a. may not be able
to feel happiness or sadness as well as other people
b. may have trouble
remembering things
c. are usually not
very intelligent
4. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
a. The cerebral
cortex has three parts.
b. The cerebral
cortex, which has four parts, makes us intelligent.
c. People used to
think the brain was not important.
5. Adult humans have ________________ connections between
neurons.
a. 700 million
b. 125 trillion
c. 100 billion
6. As used in this reading, the words "useless
stuffing" refer to ________________ .
a. unimportant
material
b. unimportant
lobes on the surface of the cerebral cortex
c. unused or new
neurons inside the brain
7. A mouse brain is ________________ .
a. about twice as
strong as the world's best supercomputer
b. about half as
strong as the world's best supercomputer
c. about as strong
as the world'd best supercomputer
8. The brain's neurons use the spinal cord like a
________________ .
a. map which shows
the locations of different parts of the body
b. highway
c. pathway
9. The top of the cerebral cortex ________________ .
a. processes images
from our eyes
b. processes sounds
that people hear
c. processes things
that people touch
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